How to Exploit Diversity for Scientific Gain

Edward K. Vogel · Edward Awh

199 citations0/0 files storedCurrent Directions in Psychological Science

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Cognitive Abilities and Testing Visual perception and processing mechanisms Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Abstract

People often show considerable systematic variability in their ability to perform many different cognitive tasks. In this article, we argue that by combining an individual-differences approach with an experimental-cognitive-neuroscience approach one can often further constrain potential theories of the underlying cognitive mechanisms. In support of this proposal, we outline three basic benefits of using an individual-differences approach: validating neurophysiological measures, demonstrating associations among constructs, and demonstrating dissociations among apparently similar constructs. To illustrate these points, we describe recent work by us and other researchers that utilizes each of these techniques to address specific questions within the domain of visual working memory. It is our hope that some of these techniques for utilizing individual variability may be applied to other domains within cognitive neuroscience.

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References

2001The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity 1980Individual differences in working memory and reading 1957The two disciplines of scientific psychology.2001A controlled-attention view of working-memory capacity.2005On the capacity of attention: Its estimation and its role in working memory and cognitive aptitudes 2007Visual Working Memory Represents a Fixed Number of Items Regardless of Complexity 1975Individual differences as a crucible in theory construction.1994Working Memory Constraints on the Resolution of Lexical Ambiguity: Maintaining Multiple Interpretations in Neutral Contexts

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