Electoral Laws and the Effective Number of Candidates in Presidential Elections

Mark P. Jones

107 citations0/0 files storedThe Journal of Politics

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Electoral Systems and Political Participation Political Dynamics in Latin America Game Theory and Voting Systems

Abstract

This study employs data from 33 countries over a 50-year period to analyze the institutional determinants of the effective number of presidential candidates. I find the presidential electoral formula-plurality versus majority runoff-to have a strong and significant impact on the effective number of candidates, thereby providing the most substantial support thus far for Duverger's propositions at the presidential level. Unlike previous cross-national studies, I also test for the effect of the presence or absence of an incumbent presidential candidate. The presence of an incumbent has a significant reductive effect on the effective number of candidates.

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References

1995What To Do (and Not to Do) with Time-Series Cross-Section Data 1997Making Votes Count 1964Political Parties Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State 1992Presidents and Assemblies 1955Political Parties: Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State 1994Electoral Systems and Party Systems 1998Making votes count: strategic coordination in the world's electoral systems 1990Seats and votes. The effects and determinants of electoral systems

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