Another Look at the New York City School Voucher Experiment

Alan B. Krueger · Pei Zhu

68 citations0/0 files storedNational Bureau of Economic Research

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School Choice and Performance Early Childhood Education and Development Diverse Education Studies and Reforms

Abstract

This paper reexamines data from the New York City school choice program, the largest and best implemented private school scholarship experiment yet conducted.In the experiment, lowincome public school students in grades K-4 were eligible to participate in a series of lotteries for a private school scholarship in May 1997.Data were collected from students and their parents at baseline, and in the Spring of each of the next three years.Students with missing baseline test scores, which encompasses all those who were initially in Kindergarten and 11 percent of those initially in grades 1-4, were excluded from previous analyses of achievement, even though these students were tested in the follow-up years.In principle, random assignment would be expected to lead treatment status to be uncorrelated with all baseline characteristics.Including students with missing baseline test scores increases the sample size by 44 percent.For African American students, the only group to show a significant, positive effect of vouchers on achievement in past studies, the difference in average follow-up test scores between the treatment group (those offered a voucher) and control group (those not offered a voucher) becomes statistically insignificant at the .05level and much smaller if the full sample is used.In addition, the effect of vouchers is found to be sensitive to the particular way race/ethnicity was defined.Previously, race was assigned according to the racial/ethnic category of the child's mother.If children with a Black (non-Hispanic) father are added to the sample of children with a Black (non-Hispanic) mother, the effect of vouchers is smaller and statistically insignificant at conventional levels.

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References

1990An Illustration of a Pitfall in Estimating the Effects of Aggregate Variables on Micro Units 1999Experimental Estimates of Education Production Functions 1997Experimental Estimates of Education Production Functions 2002Vouchers for Private Schooling in Colombia: Evidence from a Randomized Natural Experiment 1991Skin Tone and Stratification in the Black Community 2003The Education Gap: Vouchers and Urban Schools 2001Vouchers for Private Schooling in Colombia: Evidence from a Randomized Natural Experiment 2002How Vouchers Could Change the Market for Education

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2006Does School Choice Work? Effects on Student Integration and Achievement 2004Long-Term Consequences of Secondary School Vouchers: Evidence from Administrative Records in Colombia 2010Are Educational Vouchers Only Redistributive?

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