Communes and Despots: The City State In Late-Medieval Italy

Abstract

It is a commonplace of political history that in the later Middle Ages the city states of north and central Italy were the scene of a conflict in the theory and practice of government between two contrasted systems: republican and despotic (or in contemporary terminology, government ‘a comune’, ‘in liberta’ etc., and government ‘a tiranno’,signoriaorprincipato). The conflict began about the mid-thirteenth century, and in most places, sooner or later, was settled in favour of despotism.

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