Pharmacy-based Immunization in Rural Communities Strategy (PhICS)

Fawziah Marra · Janusz A. Kaczorowski · Louise Gastonguay · Carlo A. Marra · Larry David Lynd · Perry Kendall

41 citations0/0 files storedCanadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada

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Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy Pharmacy and Medical Practices Influenza Virus Research Studies

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Canada, with up to 7000 influenza-related deaths occurring every year. The elderly and individuals with chronic diseases are at increased risk for influenza-related morbidity and mortality. METHODS: We conducted a 2-year, community cluster-randomized trial targeting elderly people and at-risk groups to assess the effectiveness of pharmacy-based influenza vaccination clinics on influenza vaccination rates. Small rural communities in interior and northern British Columbia were randomly allocated to the intervention or control. In the intervention communities, pharmacy-based influenza vaccination clinics were held and were promoted to eligible patients using personalized invitations from the pharmacists, invitations distributed opportunistically by a pharmacist to eligible patients presenting to pharmacies during the flu season and community-wide promotion using posters and the local media. The main outcome measure was a difference in the mean influenza vaccination rates. The immunization rates were calculated using the number of immunizations given in each community divided by the population size estimated from the census data. RESULTS: Baseline influenza immunization rates in the population ≥65 years of age were the same in the control (n = 10, mean 85.6% [SD 16.6]) and intervention (n = 14, mean 83.8% [SD 16.3]) communities in 2009 (p = 0.79). In 2010, the mean influenza immunization rate was 56.9% (SD 28.0) in the control communities (n = 15) and 80.1% (SD 18.4) in the intervention communities (n = 14) (p = 0.01) for those ≥65 years of age. However, in 2010, for those 2 to 64 years with chronic medical conditions, the immunization rates were lower in the intervention communities (mean 16.3% [SD 7.1]) compared with the control communities (mean 21.2% [SD 5.8]) (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Clinics were feasible and well attended and they resulted in increased vaccination rates for elderly residents. In contrast, vaccination rates in the younger population with comorbidities remained low and unchanged.

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References

2005Patient reminder and recall systems to improve immunization rates 2005Interventions to Improve Influenza, Pneumococcal Polysaccharide, and Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage Among High-Risk Adults 2003Physician and practice factors related to influenza vaccination among the elderly 2003Tailored Interventions to Increase Influenza Vaccination in Neighborhood Health Centers Serving the Disadvantaged 2006Distribution of Influenza Vaccine to High-Risk Groups 1998Influenza immunization in a managed care organization

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