The Geography and Geopolitics of Europe's Fourth World

Abstract

The term Fourth World is a generalisation for thousands of self-identifying nations, regions, and even city-states with territorial aspirations. Arguably such a broad-level categorisation is problematic as each group seeks different levels and types of self-determination and any ‘nation’ is a unique matrix of social, cultural and aspirational characteristics located in a particular time and place. Yet commonalities appear to exist across these unique matrices. The belief in a common culture tied to an historical but internationally unrecognised claim to territory and a common discourse about these claims is widely evident. Along nearly every line of latitude from the Kingdom of KwaZuluNatal in the South to Kallaallit Nunnaat (‘Greenland’) in the North there are thousands of movements across the time zones that see states as late ‘occupiers’ of old culturally bounded territories.

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