Normalizing bilingualism:The effects of the Catalonian linguistic normalization policy one generation after1

Michael J. Newman · Mireia Trenchs Parera · Shukhan Ng

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Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies Multilingual Education and Policy Spanish Linguistics and Language Studies

Abstract

This study examines the evolution of language attitudes of linguistically diverse adolescents in urban Catalonia a generation after the instauration of Linguistic Normalization, official language policies favoring Catalan. Woolard (1984, 1989) and Woolard and Gahng's (1990) classic Catalan/Spanish matched guise studies are used as a baseline. Current data come from a modified and expanded replication of those original studies. Findings show: (1) differences in attitudes between youths of Spanish and Catalan background have softened; (2) disparities in Status and Solidarity have evened out; (3) language choice can be highly gendered; and (4) bilingual proficiency is now valued by and for both communities. The support for bilingualism and the easing of divisions are understood as signs of increased ‘linguistic cosmopolitanism,’ a stance that looks beyond parochial own-group communities and favors bridging linguistic boundaries. The significance is that minority languages can be valued when they take on such symbolic roles.

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References

1991Reversing Language Shift 1998Simultaneity and Bivalency as Strategies in Bilingualism 1998Language and masculinity 1989Double Talk 1998Western language ideologies and small-language prospects 1990Changing language policies and attitudes in autonomous Catalonia 1982The Social Psychological Significance of Code Switching in Cross-Cultural Communication 2001Gender, Heteroglossia and Power

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2012Linguistic reception of Latin American students in Catalonia and their responses to educational language policies 2009Diversity of language ideologies in Spanish-speaking youth of different origins in Catalonia 2013The standardizations of Catalan: Latin to present day 2011Spanish in Contact with Catalan 2015Perceptual salience and social categorization of contact features in Asturian Spanish 2010Changing linguistic attitudes in Valencia: The effects of language planning measures1

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