The Proposition of a General Version of the Theory of Planned Behavior: Predicting Ecological Behavior1

Florian G. Kaiser · Heinz Gutscher

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Behavioral Health and Interventions Social and Intergroup Psychology Environmental Education and Sustainability

Abstract

The present paper explores whether the theory of planned behavior (TPB) must abandon the notion that perceived behavioral control (PBC) has a direct influence on behavior. In a cross‐sectional survey of 895 Swiss residents, our hypothesis was tested by means of structural equation models. Applied specifically, PBC turned out to be a significant direct predictor of one's performance. A general version of the TPB based on aggregated measures, however, revealed PBC's direct influence on behavior to be nonsignificant and, presumably, a non‐universally applicable and thus nongeneralizable part of the theory. Intention determined 51% to 52% of people's ecological behavior, which supports the claim of a strong attitude‐behavior relation. Attitude, subjective norms, and PBC, the 3 TPB components, account for 81% of intention's variance.

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References

1991The theory of planned behavior 1975Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research 1985From Intentions to Actions: A Theory of Planned Behavior 1977Attitude-behavior relations: A theoretical analysis and review of empirical research.1986Prediction of goal-directed behavior: Attitudes, intentions, and perceived behavioral control 1992A Comparison of the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Theory of Reasoned Action 1992Model modifications in covariance structure analysis: The problem of capitalization on chance.1983Rating Scale Analysis: Rasch Measurement

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