Covariation of Conflict Management Patterns across Macaque Species

Bernard Thierry

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Primate Behavior and Ecology Animal Behavior and Reproduction Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior

Abstract

Researchers have found an astonishing diversity in conflict management patterns among nonhuman primates. By using the comparative method to study different social organizations, we may understand the processes underlying conflict management and, subsequently, the evolutionary determinants of social organizations. Typically, researchers resort to using ecological factors to explain patterns of competition and dominance (van Schaik 1989). Complex organizations, however, are systems of interrelated patterns. We should ask to what extent connections between patterns might act as constraints at the evolutionary level (Thierry 1997). In other words, are the social organizations that animals produce to cope with environmental constraints limitless in their form, or are social organizations limited to finite sets of forms by structural constraints that define the possibilities open to them? In the latter case, social traits would evolve as sets of covariant traits, and we should find them together in “packages.” That traits of organisms covary through evolution is an empirical finding. A number of morphological and life history traits are linked by allometric relations, but whether social traits can be similarly correlated in nonhuman primates is more problematic (Harvey et al. 1987; Martins 1996). Although social groups are interconnected wholes that may display some autonomy, they have no central unit directing behavior or homeostasis. Producers of social organizations are individuals, and these individuals are autonomous reproductive agents who follow their own strategies. It may be held that organizational features are constrained only by conditions of external requirements. On the other hand, it is also possible that C H A P T E R 6

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References

2017Sex and Friendship in Baboons 1989The ecology of social relationships amongst female primates 1997The Chimpanzees of Gombe 2009Peacemaking among Primates 1997Early determinants of behaviour: evidence from primate studies 1986The Integration of Dominance and Social Bonding in Primates 1989Weed macaques: The evolutionary implications of macaque feeding ecology 1989Toward a comparative socioecology of the genus Macaca : Different dominance styles in rhesus and stumptail monkeys

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2005Social Structure, Robustness, and Policing Cost in a Cognitively Sophisticated Species 2007A comparative study of conflict resolution in macaques: insights into the nature of trait covariation 2010Neural basis of social status hierarchy across species 2011Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) as living fossils of hominoid personality and subjective well-being.2010Generous Leaders and Selfish Underdogs: Pro-Sociality in Despotic Macaques 2018

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