Human Sociobiology: Basic Concepts and Limitations

Abstract

Principles underlying the sociobiological, or functional evolutionary, approach to behavior are outlined, and the following specific theories and concepts are described: reciprocal altruism, inclusive fitness, reproductive value, parent‐offspring conflict, and alternative reproductive tactics. Applications of sociobiological principles to topics in psychology, such as altruism, homicide, child abuse, and socialization, are outlined. Problems with the functional approach are identified, notably limitations to the assumption of the adaptiveness of behavior, and confusion of functional and causal explanations. Advantages of the functional approach include providing an integrated viewpoint concerning behavior and aiding studies of the mechanisms controlling behavior. Sociobiology's predictive hypotheses are as yet limited.

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