CHARITY BEGINS ABROAD: RESPONSES TO THE NEW PARTNERSHIP FOR AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

The literature on the democratization processes that spread through much of Africa from the early 1990s features critical commentaries which posit that though the principal cause of what has been referred to as ‘Africa’s Second Independence ’ was the ferment among African peoples against decades of misrule, dictatorship, economic decline and social insecurity, the intervention of external forces in support of democratization was very critical in its resolution (Bratton and Van de Walle, 1992; Amuwo, 1992). References have been made, ad nauseam, to the historic Franco-African Summit in Le Baule where Francois Mitterand of France fired the salvo: No election, No Aid! Those who eavesdropped on President Andre Kolingba of Central African Republic have also told us how in response to the Summit, a frightened leader addressed his kitchen cabinet: “Those who lend us money for the development of our country have requested us to create several parties. We have to accept that (cited in Amuwo”, 1992:23). Even in countries such as Nigeria where democratization was ‘home grown ’ and predated the Franco-African Summit, the fact that the seemingly endless transition terminated after fierce external intervention was significant. Indeed,

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