Duration or Disadvantage? Exploring Nativity, Ethnicity, and Health in Midlife

Jacqueline L. Angel · C. J. Buckley · Arthur Sakamoto

113 citations0/0 files storedThe Journals of Gerontology Series B

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Migration, Health and Trauma Health disparities and outcomes Racial and Ethnic Identity Research

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: This study examined nativity as a risk factor for poor physical and emotional health for an ethnically diverse population making the transition into retirement. The authors addressed whether the health disadvantage observed for immigrants lessens with increased time spent in the country (supporting theories of assimilation) or increases with duration of residence (supporting theories of cumulative disadvantage). METHODS: The sample was drawn from Waves 1 and 2 of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), an in-depth economic, social, and health database of persons in midlife and beyond. The analyses were restricted to 9,912 native-born and 1,031 foreign-born individuals. RESULTS: The data revealed that after socioeconomic factors were controlled, foreign-born individuals were at higher risk of poor emotional health than their native-born counterparts. Although aging immigrants displayed worse health than the native-born population, this disadvantage was mediated by duration of residence (young age at migration) and socioeconomic incorporation. DISCUSSION: These findings extend our understanding of nativity and duration as risk factors for poor physical and emotional health. Immigrants may overcome the nativity disadvantages found for emotional distress with increased duration of residence, but the pattern becomes more complicated with the inclusion of race and Hispanic ethnicity.

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References

1997Self-Rated Health and Mortality: A Review of Twenty-Seven Community Studies 1988Social Relationships and Health 1997Immigrant America: a portrait 1999Social capital and self-rated health: a contextual analysis.1995US Socioeconomic and Racial Differences in Health: Patterns and Explanations 1997Rethinking Assimilation Theory for a New Era of Immigration 1998The Economic Sociology of Immigration: Essays on Networks, Ethnicity, and Entrepreneurship 1993The Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Health: A Review of the Literature

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2007Developmental Contexts and Mental Disorders Among Asian Americans 2006The Effects of Years Lived in the United States on the General Health Status of California’s Foreign-Born Populations 2013(Un)Healthy Immigrant Citizens 2010Shorter Stay, Longer Life: Age at Migration and Mortality Among the Older Mexican-Origin Population 2002Stability and Change in Health Insurance Among Older Mexican Americans: Longitudinal Evidence From the Hispanic Established Populations for Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly

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