Tics and Tourette syndrome in autism spectrum disorders

Roberto Canitano · Giacomo Vivanti

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Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Autism Spectrum Disorder Research Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are more frequently associated with tic disorders than expected by chance. Variable rates of comorbidity have been reported and common genetic and neurobiological factors are probably involved. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of tic disorders in a clinical sample (n = 105) of children and adolescents with ASDs and to describe the clinical characteristics of a group with comorbid ASDs and tics (n = 24). The overlap between tics and other repetitive movements and behaviors in ASDs was carefully assessed. Among individuals with ASDs, 22 percent presented tic disorders: 11 percent with Tourette disorder (TD), and 11 percent with chronic motor tics. All had various degrees of cognitive impairment. An association between the level of mental retardation and tic severity was found. It is concluded that the occurrence of tics in ASDs should not be overlooked and should be carefully evaluated.

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References

1989The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale: Initial Testing of a Clinician-Rated Scale of Tic Severity 2010Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales 2000An international perspective on Tourette syndrome: selected findings from 3500 individuals in 22 countries 2013DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTIC MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS 2003A placebo-controlled trial of risperidone in Tourette syndrome 2000Tourette's Disorder: Epidemiology and Comorbidity in Primary School Children 1997PHENOMENOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF TICS 2003Neurobiology of Tourette's syndrome: concepts of neuroanatomic localization and neurochemical abnormalities

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2012The Gilles De La Tourette syndrome: the current status 2021A Comprehensive Review of Tic Disorders in Children 2007Autism spectrum traits in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)2019Tics and Tourette Syndrome 2014Tics and Tourette Syndrome 2015MDMA-assisted therapy: A new treatment model for social anxiety in autistic adults

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