Children’s Gender Identity in Lesbian and Heterosexual Two-Parent Families

Henny Bos · Theo G. M. Sandfort

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LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy Gender and Feminist Studies Family Dynamics and Relationships

Abstract

This study compared gender identity, anticipated future heterosexual romantic involvement, and psychosocial adjustment of children in lesbian and heterosexual families; it was furthermore assessed whether associations between these aspects differed between family types. Data were obtained in the Netherlands from children in 63 lesbian families and 68 heterosexual families. All children were between 8 and 12 years old. Children in lesbian families felt less parental pressure to conform to gender stereotypes, were less likely to experience their own gender as superior and were more likely to be uncertain about future heterosexual romantic involvement. No differences were found on psychosocial adjustment. Gender typicality, gender contentedness and anticipated future heterosexual romantic involvement were significant predictors of psychosocial adjustment in both family types.

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References

1978Social Learning Theory.1977Social Learning Theory 1982The Perceived Competence Scale for Children 2012The Developmental Social Psychology of Gender 1998The two sexes: growing up apart, coming together 1984The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children 2001Gender identity: A multidimensional analysis with implications for psychosocial adjustment.2001(How) Does the Sexual Orientation of Parents Matter?

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