A systematic literature review of the risk factors associated with children entering public care

Douglas E. Simkiss · Nigel Stallard · Margaret Thorogood

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Child Welfare and Adoption Social Work Education and Practice Child and Adolescent Health

Abstract

Children who enter public care are among the most vulnerable in society. In addition to services for their medical needs, a focus on identifying and intervening with families in need where children are at high risk of entering public care is a public health priority. This paper aims to identify the characteristics of children, their parents or their social circumstances which are associated with children entering public care. The databases searched were CSA Illumina, British Education Index, ChildData, CINAHL, Excerpta Medica, MEDLINE, the Campbell and Cochrane Collaborations, NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, NHS Evidence, Social Care Online and TRIP; from start dates to 7 February 2011. A total of 6417 titles were reviewed. After review, 10 papers with cohort or case-control methodologies met the inclusion criteria and the included papers were appraised using questions from the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme to guide the critique of case-control and cohort studies. A narrative synthesis is used to describe the research identified. Socio-economic status, maternal age at birth, health risk factors and other factors including learning difficulties, membership of an ethnic minority group and single parenthood are described as risk factors associated with children entering public care. Health risk factors have been explored using databases developed for other purposes such as health insurance or hospital discharge. A number of risk factors for children entering public care are identified from the literature, some were culturally specific and may not generalize. The interaction between different risk factors needs testing in longitudinal data sets.

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References

1979The Ecology of Human Development 1998Theoretical models of human development 2007Psychiatric disorder among British children looked after by local authorities: Comparison with children living in private households 2001The Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and Their Families 2000Health Care Needs of Children in the Foster Care System 2004Risk factors of parents abused as children: a mediational analysis of the intergenerational continuity of child maltreatment (Part I)1989The Background of Children who enter Local Authority Care 2003Cumulative environmental risk in substance abusing women: early intervention, parenting stress, child abuse potential and child development

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2017Comparison of substance use, subjective well-being and interpersonal relationships among young people in foster care and private households: a cross sectional analysis of the School Health Research Network survey in Wales 2014Looked After Children and Young People 2014Cumulative Risks of Foster Care Placement for Danish Children 2019“There are carers, and then there are carers who actually care”; Conceptualizations of care among looked after children and care leavers, social workers and carers

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