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Humans and Carnivores in the Early Upper Paleolithic in Portugal : Data from Pego do Diabo Cave

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Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology Archaeology and ancient environmental studies Archaeological and Geological Studies

Abstract

During the Upper Pleistocene human hunters had to compete with large carnivores in their ecological setting. This paper analyses the fauna from the small cave of Pego do Diabo, with an occupation classified as Aurignacian, and considers human-carnivore relationships in the Portuguese Upper Paleolithic. Similar to other Early Upper Paleolithic cave deposits in Portugal (Salemas, Caldeirao, Casa da Moura and Buraca Escura), Pego do Diabo faunal assemblage includes remains of several carnivore species, such as wolf, hyena and iberian lynx. Some evidences suggest important changes in the relationship between humans and carnivores at the end of the last glacial in Portuguese Early Upper Paleolithic sites : first, the relative abundance of carnivore remains, associated with a high degree of carnivore-modified bones ; second, a significant reduction in carnivore species diversity during the Solutrean and Magdalenian. A model is developed emphasizing short and discontinuous human occupations of small cavities during the Early Upper Paleolithic, which left these sites free for carnivore denning. These patterns changed during the Solutrean, as large carnivores started to disappear from the archaeological record and sites containing significant numbers of carnivore-damaged fauna begin to be rare.

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References

1981Bones: Ancient Men and Modern Myths 1995Percussion marks, tooth marks, and experimental determinations of the timing of hominid and carnivore access to long bones at FLK Zinjanthropus, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania 1983A guide for differentiating mammalian carnivore taxa responsible for gnaw damage to herbivore limb bones 1980Evidence of carnivore gnawing on Pleistocene and Recent mammalian bones 1990The use of mortality patterns in archaeological studies of hominid predatory adaptations 2002Taphonomic and Methodological Perspectives of Leporid Hunting During the Upper Paleolithic of the Western Mediterranean Basin 2000Leopards as Taphonomic Agents in Dolomitic Caves—Implications for Bone Accumulations in the Hominid-bearing Deposits of South Africa 2000The Rabbits of Picareiro Cave: Small Mammal Hunting During the Late Upper Palaeolithic in the Portuguese Estremadura

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2002Taphonomic and Methodological Perspectives of Leporid Hunting During the Upper Paleolithic of the Western Mediterranean Basin 2006Chronostratigraphy of the middle-to-upper paleolithic transition in the Iberian peninsula 2010Pego do Diabo (Loures, Portugal): Dating the Emergence of Anatomical Modernity in Westernmost Eurasia 2017

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