Safety Without Suspensions

Russell J. Skiba · Jeffrey R. Sprague

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Education Discipline and Inequality Behavioral and Psychological Studies Legal Issues in Education

Abstract

Disruptive behavior consistently tops the list of teachers' and parents' concerns about education. In an effort to address this concern, many U.S. schools began adopting zero-tolerance policies in the 1990s, which led to substantial increases in out-of-school suspensions and expulsions (Wald & Losen, 2003). These policies have sparked controversy because of racial disparities in suspension and expulsion rates as well as incidents in which students have been suspended or expelled for seemingly trivial infractions, such as making a paper gun (American Psychological Association, 2006). In today's climate, principals seem to face a tough choice between keeping their school safe and ensuring that all students have continued educational opportunity. September 2008

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References

2002The Color of Discipline: Sources of Racial and Gender Disproportionality in School Punishment 2003Defining and redirecting a school‐to‐prison pipeline 2000The Disproportionate Discipline of African American Learners: Reducing School Suspensions and Expulsions 2004Validity of Office Discipline Referral Measures as Indices of School-Wide Behavioral Status and Effects of School-Wide Behavioral Interventions 2002“I Didn't Do Nothin'”: The Discursive Construction of School Suspension 1998Violence and Discipline Problems in U.S. Public Schools: 1996-97 2013Zero Tolerance, Suspension, and Expulsion: Questions of Equity and Effectiveness 1994The Effects of School Context, Structure, and Experiences on African American Males in Middle and High School

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2012Exclusionary Discipline Practices Across Students' Racial/Ethnic Backgrounds and Disability Status: Findings from the Pacific Northwest 2020Keeping Race at the Center of School Discipline Practices and Trauma-Informed Care: An Interprofessional Framework 2018Systematic Review of Early Childhood Mental Health Consultation: Implications for Improving Preschool Discipline Disproportionality

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