Childhood immunization: 1990-1994

Abstract

This report presents a comparative analysis of patterns of childhood vaccination among countries in the developing world. The analysis is based on data obtained from recent national Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). The first three chapters discuss the DHS information on immunization the percentage of respondents with health cards on vaccination status and sources of data. The main focus of the following two chapters is on vaccination coverage rates and differences in coverage. The next-to-last chapter discusses secular trends in vaccination coverage. The final chapter draws conclusions. Childhood vaccinations are compared for tuberculosis diphtheria whooping cough tetanus poliomyelitis and measles. The data pertain to 28 countries that participated in the DHS program during 1990-94. The study includes 14 countries in sub-Saharan Africa 4 in North Africa and the Middle East 4 in Asia and 6 in Latin America and the Caribbean. Most of the coverage levels are reported for children aged 12-23 months. Coverage rates are estimated for coverage by the time of the survey and coverage by the childs first birthday. The proportion of reports that were accompanied by a written record ranged from 35% in Niger and Nigeria to 89% in Rwanda. Vaccination coverage rates ranged widely across countries. Measles vaccination rates exceeded 75% in only Jordan Kenya and Rwanda. Measles rates ranged from 33% to 50% in Bolivia Burkina Faso Cameroon the Dominican Republic Indonesia Madagascar Pakistan Paraguay Senegal and Sudan. Measles rates ranged from 50% to 75% in 13 countries. The lowest rates were in Niger and Nigeria. Drop-out rates for DPT and polio were high in 10 countries. 15 countries had intermediate rates. Jordan Malawi and Rwanda had the lowest drop-out rates. Vaccination coverage rates appear to be increasing. Rates varied most by maternal educational level.

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