Cognitions about Cognitions: The Theory of Metacognition.

Abstract

This paper proposes a theoretical review of the term 'metacognition'. It was introduced by John Flavell in the early 1970s based on the term 'metamemory' previously conceived by the same scholar (Flavell 1971). Flavell (1979) viewed metacognition as learners' knowledge of their own cognition, defining it as 'knowledge and cognition about cognitive phenomena'. Metacognition is often referred to in the literature as 'thinking about one's own thinking', or as 'cognitions about cognitions'. It is usually related to learners' knowledge, awareness and control of the processes by which they learn and the metacognitive learner is thought to be characterized by ability to recognize, evaluate and, where needed, reconstruct existing ideas. Flavell's definition was followed by numerous others, often portraying different emphases on or different understanding of mechanisms and processes associated with metacognition.

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