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Ongoing restructuring of the Swedish welfare state and increased social cleavages in the population are interlinked with social transformations that go back about three decades in time. While Sweden used to hold top positions in international rankings of social equality, today it typically only reaches to mediocre rankings. Shifting understandings and ways of addressing social problems have opened up for a marketization of previously public social services. In addition, demographic changes such as increased international mobility and the complexity of cross-border dynamics of social problems are demanding new responses from the social services. This means that as social work emerged as an activity territorially bounded by national borders, it is now challenged by globalization processes at multiple societal levels. We shall here take up the case of migrant children as an illustrative case. In Sweden migrant children are perceived as a new area of social intervention, to which the child protection services respond in diverse and contradictory ways. We discuss the individual responses by social workers and the institutional responses from homes of residential care for children. In the individual case-work we see an emergence of critical responses among social workers, who within the legal framework question the tradition of loyalty to Swedish state authority in social work. By contrast, the institutional responses seem to violate instead of protecting migrant children. Apart from these responses, we describe the emergence of new organizations that challenge repressive migration policies and which seek to work from the perspective of the migrant children.
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