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This research explores livelihood issues that emerged from the process of urban development in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. To understand the key determinants and consequences of livelihood strategies, we modified the sustainable livelihoods framework to guide analysis of data from a survey of 242 households interviewed in August 2013. Indicators related to social capital, livelihood resources and economic activities, and the community field were used to assess possible effects and associations with livelihood outcomes of resettled households. The results indicate that households with more extensive social networks have higher level of employment and income and less significant economic shocks. For government-supported households, the perceived affordability of basic needs was associated with higher household income, and food security was associated with higher value of household assets. For self-resettled households, the perceived affordability of basic needs was associated with higher value of household assets, and food security was associated with both higher household income and asset value. Regarding the community field indicators, improved economic conditions and well-being were both associated with higher levels of community participation and higher perceived quality of neighboring among government-supported households. For self-resettled households, length of residence emerged as a significant predictor of improved economic conditions and well-being. Thus, building community social ties with family, friends, and organizations is an essential part of successful household economic and social development strategies.
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