Identification of Organic Binders in Ancient Chinese Paintings by Immunological Techniques

Wenjing Hu · Hui Zhang · Bingjian Zhang

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Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis Archaeology and ancient environmental studies Conservation Techniques and Studies

Abstract

The identification and localization of organic binders in artworks are big challenges in archaeology and conservation science. Immunological techniques, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM) have the potential to become powerful tools for the analysis of organic materials in ancient samples. In this study, ELISA and IFM techniques were combined to identify chicken ovalbumin, glue from several mammalian species, bovine milk, and fish glue in ancient Chinese painting samples. As binders, egg ovalbumin was found in two painting samples and animal glue was found in three samples, which were dated from the 4th to 8th centuries. The results clearly demonstrate that ELISA and IFM can be used to validate results from ancient samples.

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References

2008Attenuated total reflection micro FTIR characterisation of pigment–binder interaction in reconstructed paint films 2008ATR-FTIR imaging for the analysis of organic materials in paint cross sections: case studies on paint samples from the National Gallery, London 2004Characterisation of proteinaceous binders in artistic paintings by chromatographic techniques 2010Immunodetection of Proteins in Ancient Paint Media 1996Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric approach to the problem of characterizing binding media in paintings 2006The Use of Immunofluorescence Microscopy and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assayas Complementary Techniques for Protein Identification in Artists' Materials 2012Scientific investigation of the paint and adhesive materials used in the Western Han dynasty polychromy terracotta army, Qingzhou, China 2008The binding media of the polychromy of Qin Shihuang's Terracotta Army

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2020Study of identification results of proteinous binding agents in Chinese painted cultural relics 2017Determination of lacquer contained in samples of cultural relics by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 2019Pigments and binding media of polychrome relics from the central hall of Longju temple in Sichuan, China

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