Articlegreen2012

The effects of the previous outcome on probabilistic choice in rats.

Andrew T. Marshall · Kimberly Kirkpatrick

30 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes

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Abstract

This study examined the effects of previous outcomes on subsequent choices in a probabilistic-choice task. Twenty-four rats were trained to choose between a certain outcome (1 or 3 pellets) versus an uncertain outcome (3 or 9 pellets), delivered with a probability of .1, .33, .67, and .9 in different phases. Uncertain outcome choices increased with the probability of uncertain food. Additionally, uncertain choices increased with the probability of uncertain food following both certain-choice outcomes and unrewarded uncertain choices. However, following uncertain-choice food outcomes, there was a tendency to choose the uncertain outcome in all cases, indicating that the rats continued to "gamble" after successful uncertain choices, regardless of the overall probability or magnitude of food. A subsequent manipulation, in which the probability of uncertain food varied within each session as a function of the previous uncertain outcome, examined how the previous outcome and probability of uncertain food affected choice in a dynamic environment. Uncertain-choice behavior increased with the probability of uncertain food. The rats exhibited increased sensitivity to probability changes and a greater degree of win-stay/lose-shift behavior than in the static phase. Simulations of two sequential choice models were performed to explore the possible mechanisms of reward value computations. The simulation results supported an exponentially decaying value function that updated as a function of trial (rather than time). These results emphasize the importance of analyzing global and local factors in choice behavior and suggest avenues for the future development of sequential-choice models.

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References

1979Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk 1988Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk 1990Gambling with the House Money and Trying to Break Even: The Effects of Prior Outcomes on Risky Choice 1961RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE STRENGTH OF RESPONSE AS A FUNCTION OF FREQUENCY OF REINFORCEMENT 1, 2 1987An adjusting procedure for studying delayed reinforcement.1991SUBJECTIVE PROBABILITY AND DELAY 1995DISCOUNTING OF DELAYED REWARDS: MODELS OF INDIVIDUAL CHOICE 1986Cognition and behavior in studies of choice.

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2015Mechanisms of Individual Differences in Impulsive and Risky Choice in Rats 2023A critical review of risk‐sensitive foraging 2015Relative Gains, Losses, and Reference Points in Probabilistic Choice in Rats 2017Reinforcement learning models of risky choice and the promotion of risk-taking by losses disguised as wins in rats.2016Fractionating choice: A study on reward discrimination, preference, and relative valuation in the rat (Rattus norvegicus).

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