Innovación y gestión de la conservación preventiva en museos: un ejemplo con colecciones de vidrio y materiales cerámicos

Abstract

La conservacion preventiva en instituciones museologicas no ha sido una realidad hasta la resolucion de Vantaa (Finlandia) del ano 2000, auspiciada por el ICCROM. Se define como una estrategia basada en un metodo de trabajo sistematico para identificar, evaluar y controlar los riesgos de deterioro que pueden afectar a los bienes culturales. Por tanto, es una estrategia en la que no es necesario intervenir de forma directa en los mismos. En Espana, esta estrategia quedo recogida en el Plan Nacional de Conservacion Preventiva aprobado por el Ministerio de Cultura en 2011, aunque todavia apenas se ha desarrollado en muchos de los museos espanoles. En este articulo se presenta una propuesta metodologica innovadora sobre conservacion preventiva en museos y su aplicacion, como ejemplo, a colecciones de vidrio y materiales ceramicos. Estos materiales, sobre todo el vidrio, son especialmente sesnsibles a las condiciones medioambientales (acidez, humedad relativa y temperatura), por lo que una adecuada estrategia de conservacion preventiva debe ser capaz de ralentizar al maximo su ritmo de deterioro. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Innovation and management of preventive conservation in museums: an example with collections of glass and ceramic materials Preventive conservation in museological institutions has not been a reality until the resolution of Vantaa (Finland) in the year 2000, sponsored by ICCROM. It is defined as a strategy based on a systematic method of work to identify, assess, and control risks of deterioration which may affect cultural goods. Therefore, it is a strategy in which it is not necessary a direct intervention on these goods. In Spain, this strategy was introduced in the National Plan of Preventive Conservation approved by the Ministry of Culture in 2011, although it has still barely developed in much of the Spanish museums. This paper presents an innovative methodological proposal on preventive conservation in museums and its application, as an example, to collections of glass and ceramic materials. These materials, above all glass, are especially sensitive to environmental conditions (acidity, relative humidity and temperature). Consequently, an adequate strategy of preventive conservation must be able to slow down, as much as possible, their rate of deterioration. Keywords: Preventive conservation; Ceramic material; Museums; Environmental pH; Sol-Gel sensors; Glass

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