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The author marks the 40th anniversary of the creation of the first index mutual fund (now the Vanguard 500 Index Fund) by examining decades of data, which reveal that passive index funds have consistently outperformed their actively managed counterparts.
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Stored only when both papers are in the corpus — 50 citations exist upstream.
Papers that cite the same references — the relational fallback while embeddings are still backfilling.
Imported from OpenAlex (CC0) — nothing here is generated.