Development of a Bikeability Index to Assess the Bicycle-Friendliness of Urban Environments

Patricia Jasmin Krenn · Pekka Oja · Sylvia Titze

104 citations0/0 files storedOpen Journal of Civil Engineering

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Urban Transport and Accessibility Traffic and Road Safety Urban Green Space and Health

Abstract

Background: Cycling as a means of transport contributes to public health in terms of increasing the physical activity behaviour and reducing air pollution. In comparison to walking, cycling-spe cific environmental characteristics have been less investigated. The aim of this study was to develop, based on geographic information systems (GIS) data, a bikeability index for a mid-sized European city, to examine the predictive validity of the index and to visualize the bicycle-friendliness of the city by creating a bikeability map. Methods: Using GIS data, we assessed the environmental characteristics of 278 bicycle trips in the city of Graz, Austria. Characteristics which differed significantly between the actually taken and shortest possible routes were used to form an additive bikeability index and the bikeability map for 100 m × 100 m cells. The relationship between the cycling behaviour and the bikeability index around the home environment was examined to assess the predictive validity of the index. Results: Three environmental components (cycling infrastructure, bicycle pathways and green areas) were positively related, and two components (main roads, and topography) were negatively related to the actually used route. These components formed the bikeability index, which was positively correlated with cycling behaviour (OR: 1.08, 95% CI 1.01 - 1.17). The final outcome is a high-resolution coloured map indicating the degree of bicycle-friendliness in the city of Graz. Conclusion: Mapping based on the bikeability index helps to visualize the bicycle-friendliness of an urban area. Therefore, it should be a useful tool for the planning as well as for the evaluation of the transport environments in cities.

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References

2005Linking objectively measured physical activity with objectively measured urban form 2009Influences of Built Environments on Walking and Cycling: Lessons from Bogotá 2003Bicycle Commuting and Facilities in Major U.S. Cities: If You Build Them, Commuters Will Use Them 2012Where do cyclists ride? A route choice model developed with revealed preference GPS data 2007Neighborhood Walkability and the Walking Behavior of Australian Adults 2010Motivators and deterrents of bicycling: comparing influences on decisions to ride 2004Determinants of bicycle use: do municipal policies matter?2009Bicycling for Transportation and Health: The Role of Infrastructure

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