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This chapter provides a historical overview of the so-called scholastic phase of the Muʿtazilite movement., when two principal school traditions evolved, the ‘School of Basra’ and the ‘School of Baghdad’. The beginning of this period coincides with the lives of Abū ʿAlī al-Jubbāʾī (d. 303/915–16), leader of the School of Basra and Abū l-Qāsim al-Kaʿbī al-Balkhī (d. 319/931), head of the School of Baghdad. The chapter begins with an overview of the early generation of Muʿtazilites, led by Abū ʿAlī Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-Jubbāʾī, and proceeds with a discussion of the teachings of the Bahshamiyya. It then considers the doctrines of the later Bahshamiyya, paying special attention to the most renowned students of Abū Hāshim such as Abū ʿAlī Muḥammad b. Khallād and Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm b. ʿAyyāsh al-Baṣrī. It also takes a look at Abū l-Ḥusayn al-Baṣrī, one of the disciples of ʿAbd al-Jabbār al-Hamadānī, and the school he established.
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