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This paper presents evidence for scale inefficiency and overall cost inefficiency for 40 regional bus companies in a region of North-Italy. A translog cost function for a file-year panel is estimated and measures of economies of scale and density are derived. The estiamtion results allow for a discussion of inefficiency in terms of sub-optimal scale and density. Overall cost inefficiency is estimated by means of a frontie cost funcion. The findings are discussed in the Italian political and regulatory context.
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