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Three sets of ideas, which I am calling justice, welfare, and community approaches interact in the criminal justice systems of England and Scotland. Social workers are usually most influenced by a welfare approach but this approach is always in danger of becoming arbitrary. The essential values of a welfare approach might in fact be strengthened by introducing from the justice approach ways of structuring discretion. This idea will be examined in relation to juvenile justice and parole where compulsory powers back the application of welfare ideas. Ways of ensuring that social work discretion is confined, structured and checked will be considered.
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