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Colonial experiences, imperial ventures, globalization, and defensive modernization are the challenges facing Middle East nations as they move from a moment of national independence and anti-colonial resistance to a moment of liberation and democratic governance. Colonial and post-colonial imperial practices have substantially undermined the notion of civil society and created geographic, ethnic and economics scripts that could not be recited by the indigenous peoples of the decolonized Middle East. Globalization makes democratization even more challenging as western industrialized nations' interests clash with national aboriginal interests, which would prevail in the instance of liberation.
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