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Introduction: Humans' behaviors and activities result from their needs and motives. Thus, identification of motivational and hygiene factors in workplace can enhance the staffs' performance, productivity, and satisfaction. This study aimed to determine the motivational and hygiene factors affecting the performance and satisfaction of the employees of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences in 2011. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 150 employees in North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences were selected through stratified random sampling. The study data were gathered using Herzberg’s occupational motivation questionnaire. Finally, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software (v. 18) and were analyzed using Chi-square, ANOVA, and t-test. Results: According to the results, 64% and 63% of the employees mentioned the motivational and hygiene factors of their workplace to be desirable. Among the hygiene factors, the highest and lowest scores were related to association (3.94+0.78) and (2.71+0.54), respectively. Among the motivational factors also, the highest and lowest scores were related to nature of work (3.67±0.73) and job position (2.86±0.57), respectively. Most of the employees considered salary and environment conditions to be effective in their performance and satisfaction. Besides, a significant relationship was found between the staffs' workplace and employment status and some hygiene and motivational factors (P<0.05). Conclusion: Managers' attention to and planning for supplying “salary, working conditions, career development, and job position can improve the employees' satisfaction and performance.
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