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Abstract Augusta Bronner (1881–1966) recast juvenile delinquency as a social problem rooted in the home and community, challenging the emphasis on heredity and personality. She used mental tests as tools to determine the unique abilities and disabilities of the child, and then provided guidance to the child, the parents, and the juvenile courts, making it possible for delinquent children to be placed in families or private schools rather than be incarcerated. She emphasized reward rather than punishment, gave attention to ethnicity in child placement, and provided training for foster families. Through her books and advocacy, child guidance clinics aided children and the court system as well. The child guidance movement also proved a boon to the professions of psychology and social work by creating employment opportunities.
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