An Osteometric Evaluation of the Foramen Spinosum and Venosum

Lelika Lazarus · Nerissa Sanrisha Naidoo · K. S. Satyapal

14 citations0/0 files storedInternational Journal of Morphology

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Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies Medical and Biological Sciences Oropharyngeal Anatomy and Pathologies

Abstract

The foramen spinosum (FS) and foramen venosum (of Vesalius) (FV) are alisphenoid apertures situated within the hub of the middle cranial fossa in close proximity to foramen ovale (FO).The FS and FV provide a passage to important neurovascular structures.An accurate knowledge of the morphometric details of the FS and FV including their shape, incidence, relation to other foramina and/or presence of any anomalies may represent a reliable anatomical landmark during surgical explorative maneuvers.Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the morphologic and morphometric features of the FS and FV.The study was conducted on 100 dry human skulls (n= 200) obtained from the osteological bank at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, to produce a database which may serve as a useful guideline to surgeons and anesthetists.Although single (95%), duplicate (2.5%) and triplicate (0.5%) FS were identified; only single (5%) and duplicate (0.5%) FV were found.Oval (FS: 43.5%; FV: 4.5%) and round (FS: 58%; FV: 0.5%) foramina were observed.In addition, the relationship of the FS and FV to FO was recorded: postero-lateral (FS: 93%; FV: 0%); posterior (FS: 1.9%; FV: 0%); postero-medial (FS: 0.5%; FV: 0%); anterior (FS: 0%; FV: 0.5%); antero-medial (FS: 0%; FV: 4.5%).The mean morphometric parameters of the FS and FV included the internal diameter (FS: 2.53±0.76mm; FV: 1.93±0.46mm), external diameter (FS: 2.50±0.74mm; FV: 2.81±1.53mm) and distance to the FO (FS: 3.45±1.29mm; FV: 2.63±1.24mm).In light of the morphometric and morphological variations of skull-based foramina, the evaluation of the FS and FV in our study may provide a reliable osteometric reference in clinical practice which may be beneficial during interpretation of imaging and surgical intervention.

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References

1994Skull-base foramina of the middle cranial fossa: reassessment of normal variation with high-resolution CT.1992Direct and CT measurements of canals and foramina of the skull base 2005The morphology and morphometry of the foramina of the greater wing of the human sphenoid bone.1931The Non-metrical Morphological Characters of the Skull as Criteria for Racial Diagnosis: Part I: General Discussion of the Morphological Characters Employed in Racial Diagnosis.1987[Developmental studies on the foramen rotundum, foramen ovale and foramen spinosum of the human sphenoid bone].2009Incidence, morphology and morphometry of the foramen of Vesalius: complementary study for a safer planning and execution of the trigeminal rhizotomy technique 2012Occurrence of the Foramen of Vesalius and Its Morphometry Relevant to Clinical Consideration 2007Anatomic characteristics of foramen vesalius.

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