The Death and Rebirth of Entrepreneurism on Negros Island, Philippines: A Critique of Cultural Theories of Enterprise

Abstract

The past few years have witnessed a spate of books and articles by social scientists and journalists on the role of culture in economic development. This new interest-actually a renewal of interest in a once-fashionable subject that had become moribundhas focused most intensively on the propensity toward entrepreneurship, innovation, and risk-taking. In other words: How do cultural mores, values, and beliefs either encourage or discourage individuals from entrepreneurial activity? Many of these works, but by no means all, identify their perspectives as either neoconservative or neoliberal, which explains the avid interest over the last decade. Some of the notable names include: Brigitte Berger, Peter Berger, and Robert Bellah in sociology; Lawrence Harrison and Herman Kahn in economics; Lucian Pye in political science; Geert Hofstede and Gordon Redding in management science; and James Fallows, Michael Novak, and George Gilder in scholarly journalism.1 For some, Max Weber is identified as the theoretical progenitor; for others, it is Joseph Schumpeter, or a combination of the two. Unlike the earlier modernization theorists, for whom Europe and the United States were

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