Rubber Tires for Residents: Bus Rapid Transit and Changing Neighborhoods in Los Angeles, California

Anne Brown

28 citations0/0 files storedTransportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board

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Urban Transport and Accessibility Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies Urban Planning and Governance

Abstract

Bus rapid transit (BRT), mass transit that provides rail-like service on rubber tires, is gaining popularity in the United States as a lower-cost alternative to rail. Despite its growing popularity and previous research that links rail transit-oriented development to gentrification, the effects of domestic BRT on surrounding neighborhoods remains largely unexplored. This paper fills that gap by exploring neighborhood change around the Los Angeles, California, Orange Line, the most heavily patronized BRT line in the United States between 2000 and 2013. This study found that neighborhoods within a ½-mi radius of Orange Line stations changed more than those located 2 and 5 mi from stations. While neighborhood racial–ethnic compositions remained relatively static, rising median home values, rents, and increasing educational attainment of residents suggest economic transitions and gentrification within Orange Line–adjacent communities. In addition, neighborhoods with lower median rents, lower median household incomes, and higher proportions of renter-occupied housing in 2000 were more likely to exhibit higher degrees of change by 2013 than were other areas. Together, these findings suggest that economic preconditions rather than racial–ethnic makeup are better predictors of neighborhood change and markers of neighborhoods’ potential to gentrify. In addition, these findings demonstrate that transit-oriented gentrification is not modally linked; rather, domestic BRT, like rail, has the potential to change neighborhoods and may do so even without coordinated government investment. Therefore, policy makers must protect and provide affordable housing stock around BRT lines to safeguard incumbent residents from being displaced because of rising housing costs associated with gentrification.

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References

2005Displacement or Succession?2014Interpolating U.S. Decennial Census Tract Data from as Early as 1970 to 2010: A Longitudinal Tract Database 2010Bus rapid transit impacts on land uses and land values in Seoul, Korea 2012Half-Mile Circle 2007Gentrification Trends in New Transit‐Oriented Communities: Evidence from 14 Cities That Expanded and Built Rail Transit Systems 2003Forecasting Transit Walk Accessibility: Regression Model Alternative to Buffer Method 2002Transit’s Value-Added Effects: Light and Commuter Rail Services and Commercial Land Values 2004Value of accessibility to Bogotá's bus rapid transit system

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2021From “Big Small Town” to “Small Big City”: Resident Experiences of Gentrification along Waterloo Region’s LRT Corridor 2021Transit-oriented development for older adults: A survey of current practices among transit agencies and local governments in the US 2023Transit-Induced Gentrification and Neighborhood Upgrading in the United States 2024Association of transit-oriented development with transit use: Effects of gentrification and spatial autocorrelation

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