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Africa’s plant breeders’ rights (PBRs) landscape currently consists of a few scattered national systems across the continent, and two regional regimes one under the umbrella of the Organisation Africaine de la Propriete Intellectuelle (OAPI), serving 17 mainly Francophone countries, and the other, under the African Regional Intellectual Property Organisation (ARIPO). The OAPI PBRs registration regime has been in place since 2006. However, the ARIPO instrument – the Arusha Protocol for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (the Arusha Protocol) –was adopted in July 2015 and according to its Article 40(3) will enter into force 12 months after at least 4 countries deposit their instruments of ratification or accession. While no such instruments had been
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