The Hispanic Community of Nations: the Spanish-Argentine nexus and the imagining of a Hispanic Cold War bloc

Abstract

The article explores how a network of Spanish and Argentine fascist intellectuals configured a supranational citizenship for Latin America during the Cold War years, in an attempt to unite the Spanish-speaking world into a “Hispanic bloc”. It sheds light on this transatlantic project, from its celebrative inauguration in 1954, and until its decline in the late-1960. It indicates that this neo-imperial dream of spiritual unification faced numerous obstacles, and thus underwent several changes of strategies. In particular, following the 1959 Cuban revolution, Francisco Franco’s regime opted on a policy of “dual citizenship” treaties with Central American, Andean and Caribbean dictators, in an attempt to symbolically curb any further revolutionary movements in the continent. And yet, this article ultimately contends that with the rise of the Spain’s Opus Dei technocratic ruling elite, it was rather the Argentine fascists, and in particular Juan Carlos Onganía “Argentine Revolution”, that headed and perpetuated the Hispanic unification movement of in the late-1960.

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