Reclamation of abandoned mine land

Abstract

Exploitation of mineral resources has resulted in destruction of vast amounts of land. Mining destroys vegetation, causes extensive soil damage, and alters microbial communities. Reclamation of abandoned mine land is the process to restore the ecological integrity of these disturbed areas. It includes the management of all types of physical, chemical and biological disturbances of soils such as soil pH, fertility, microbial community and various soil nutrient cycles make the degraded land soil productive. Productivity of soil can be increased by adding various natural amendments such as saw dust, wood residues, sewage sludge, animal manures as these amendments stimulate the microbial activity and which provides the nutrients (N, P) and organic carbon to soil. The top soil is seriously damaged during mineral extraction. The consequences of physical disturbance to the top soil during stripping, stockpiling, and reinstatement were to cause unusually large N transformations and movements with eventually substantial loss. Management of top soil is important for reclamation plan to reduce the N losses and to increase soil nutrients and microbes. Revegetation constitutes the most widely accepted and useful way to reduce erosion and protect soils against degradation during

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