Effects of Observing Athletic Contests on Hostility

Abstract

Hostility was assessed among male spectators before or after a football game to determine the effects of witnessing a competitive and aggressive sport on observers' tendencies to aggress. As a control, male spectators were also interviewed before or after a competitive, though nonaggressive, sport (a gymnastics meet). The results indicate that hostility increased significantly after observing the football game, and this increase in hostility did not interact with subects' preferred outcome of the game. No such increase in hostility was found for those observing a gymnastics meet. The findings are discussed in terms of various theoretical approaches to aggression.

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