Neurotic depression, the most commonly used psychiatric diagnosis, has multiple meanings that are often used interchangeably in clinical practice. The authors identify six different meanings of neurotic depression and present data from a study of 90 depressed inpatients to determine how many patients met several different criteria; 16 patients met four sets of criteria. The overlap that exists between the different meanings is higher than chance alone but not sufficiently high to allow complete interchangeability. Until new diagnostic classes are developed, the authors recommend that the term "neurotic depression" no longer be used clinically because of its vagueness.
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