Foreign Scholars in U.S. Science: Contributions and CostsPaula E. Stephan, Sharon G. Levin, Andrew J. Young2003-01-01article22 citationsclosedNo readable copy stored yet — this record is metadata only.Research, Science, and AcademiaMigration and Labor DynamicsInternational Science and DiplomacyAbstractNo abstract was published for this record.Citations in this libraryStored only when both papers are in the corpus — 22 citations exist upstream.References2001The NBER Patent Citation Data File: Lessons, Insights and Methodological Tools1990A Penny for Your Quotes: Patent Citations and the Value of Innovations2018The Economics of Immigration2001The NBER Patent Citations Data File: Lessons, Insights and Methodological Tools2010The Economics of Science1991Direct validation of citation counts as indicators of industrially important patents1991Research productivity over the life cycle: evidence for academic scientists2001Exceptional contributions to US science by the foreign-born and foreign-educatedCited by2011Highly Educated Immigrants and Native Occupational Choice