HISTORIOGRAFI ISLAM: Bio-biografi dan Perkembangan Mazhab Fikih dan Tasawuf

Abstract

Abstrak: Studi bio-biografi dalam historiografi Islam, menempati posisi strategis terutama dalam penguatan dan pembentukan mazhab-mazhab di dunia Islam, khususnya dalam bidang fikih dan tasawuf. Tulisan ini mencoba menelusuri dan memetakan bagaimana arah dan model perkembangan studi bio-biografi dalam historiografi Islam. Penulis mengemukakan bahwa hubungan antara sebuah karya dengan dinamika kultural pada setiap ruang dan waktu, mencerminkan masing- masing karya sejarah semakin sarat dengan muatan kepentingan kultural yang sangat kompleks. Kajian bio-biografi tidak hanya terbatas pada bentuk sîrah, thabaqât, tarjamah, ansâb, namun yang paling fenomenal adalah munculnya hagiografi (manâqib), sebuah kajian yang menempatkan seseorang sebagai tokoh puncak intelektual dan spiritual. Kitab manâqib merupakan simbol dalam ikatan mazhab membentuk kohesivitas psikologis bagi para pengikut mazhabnya. Abstract: Islamic Historiography; the Bio-biography and the Development of schools of Fiqh and Tasawuf. The study of bio-biography in Islamic historiography occupies a strategic position, particularly in strengthening and establishing the schools in the Islamic world especially in the realm of fiqh and tashawuf. This paper traces and attempts to map the direction and development of bio-biographical studies in Islamic historiography. The author argues that the relationship between a work and the cultural dynamics at any given time and space, reflecting their respective historical work that highly motivated by the complex cultural interest. The study of bio-biography is not only confined to such works as thabaqât, tarjamah, and ansâb, but it may also be in the form of manâqib, that let someone enjoy the position as the most important intellectual and spiritual figure. The manâqib also symbolizes the schools bond that forms a psychological cohesiveness to the disciples of respective mazhab. Kata Kunci: bio-biografi, historiografi, ketokohan, fikih, tasawuf

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