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The population of mountain villages, especially that of snow-covered highlands, has decreased since the latter half of the 1959s. On the other hand, the demand for recreation facilities in the mountain regions has increased with the growth of the national economy, causing the expansion of the recreational areas in the snow-covered highlands. The above tendency is particularly noticeable in the central highlands where skiing grounds have been developed. The author has already defined a “skiing settlement” as a resort settlement, where the development of a skiing ground plays a very important role in the formation of the resort settlements, causing the skiing ground and the settlement to function as one complex. There is a great variety of skiing settlements in Japan. In the preceding paper, he presented a typology of Japanese skiing settlements through analysis of their origins and the processes of their transformations. According to the study, skiing settlements in Japan are classified into two groups. The first group is composed of the settlements “developed from existing settlements”. In this case, socio-economic structures of the settlements have drastically changed since the skiing grounds were developed nearby. Nozawa Onsen (Spa), on which a paper has already been presented by the author, is a typical example of this group. The second group is composed of the skiing settlements “newly developed” along with the development of new skiing grounds. New settlements came into existence, as the newly developed ski areas prompted the removal of local people into formerly non-settled areas. The author analyses in this paper the case of Tsugaike Kogen in central highlands of Japan as a case of a newly developed skiing settlement, taking into consideration many factors: the process and background of the removal of the settlement, the charactor of the developers, the management of both lodging houses and farms by the local people, temporary workers for tourist industries and so on. The following are the facts which emerged from the analysis: 1. It was in 1960, on the opening of Hakuba-Oike Railway Station on the Oito Line of the Japan National Railway, that a regular skiing ground was developed on Tsugaike Kogen in accordance with the intention of the people of the rural community, Kawauchi, who were the owners of the ground. The local people, who had mostly engaged in a traditional seasonal labour in Japanese sake-brewing industries away from home during winter, took a growing interest in the management of lodging houses together with the development of the skiing ground, since they thought that they could overcome the: economic disadvantages of a heavy snowfall through winter recreation. But since they didn't have capital enough to carry out the project, the local people invited external capital and many ski lifts were constructed by the capital in a short time. As a result, the local people of Kawauchi began in the mid-1960 s to remove their dwelling houses to the outskirts of the skiing ground in Tsugaike Kogen which had formerly been a non-settled area. 2. With the development of skiing grounds, almost all of the local people in Kawauchi moved into the plateau around the skiing grounds for the purpose of the management of lodging houses. The managers flowed in not only from Kawauchi but also from other areas, and a distinct settlement which can be defined as a skiing settlement of the second type was newly formed. At present, the greater part of accommodation is operated by the managers who came from areas other than Otari-mura, the administrative village which includes Kawauchi. 3. Tsugaike Kogen is in one of the Japanese beech forest belts. This plateau provides favourable natural conditions essential to ski resorts with good quality and a great quantity of snow and a variety of ski slopes.
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