SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY The Southern Cordilleran group of Philippine languages includes Pangasinan, Ibaloy, Karaw, Kalanguya (Kallahan), and Ilongot (Bugkalot). Rules are developed for the phonological derivation of these languages from ProtoSouthern Cordilleran (PSC), and morphological innovations within the daughter languages are explored. Lexical items are reconstructed and assigned to PSC and to the languages and dialects intermediate between it and the modern forms. 1. INTRODUCTION. The Southern Cordilleran language group consists of Pangasinan, Ibaloy, Kalanguya, Karaw, and Ilongot. As a language family it is most closely related to the Central Cordilleran group (Reid I979, 1989a, McFarland I98O), the two being coordinate descendants of Proto-South-Central Cordilleran (PSCC). Pangasinan is spoken in the central portion of the province of the same name, and it is one of the eight major languages of the Philippines. Ibaloy is spoken primarily in the northeastern, central, and southern portions of Benguet province. Kalanguya, also known as Kallahan and by several other names, is spoken in scattered locales in southern Ifugaw, along the eastern flank of the Central Cordillera in the province of Nueva Vizcaya, and in certain isolated locales in Benguet, Pangasinan, and Nueva Ecija. Karaw is a language spoken in the barangay of Karaw in Bokod municipality, Benguet. Ilongot, whose speakers prefer the name Bugkalut, is spoken in remote areas of Nueva Vizcaya and Quirino provinces.' Based on lexical evidence and the sharing of phonological rules, the internal relationships of the Southern Cordilleran (SC) languages are represented in table I. This subgrouping of the five languages was first proposed by Zorc (1979). Section 4 provides the basis for this organization and a discussion of how these languages were classified prior to the work of Zorc and Reid.
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