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N OT SO LONG AGO it was readily accepted that the eccentric taste of the Middle Ages simply rejected or misunderstood writings which both the ancient and modern worlds universally appreciated. Medieval thinkers either neglected these celebrities (Horace and Lucretius), transformed them (Virgil the Necromancer, Ovid the Moralist), or lacked the knowledge to read them (the Greek authors). More recently, close study has revealed that while medieval writers may not have shared the outlook of the ancient world or the Renaissance, their distinctive taste did include a complex and imaginative savoring of classical stories. An outstanding example of the medieval understanding of ancient matter is the of Oedipus.' The Lament was apparently written in the twelfth century, and along with other similar poems it seems to mark a new departure in Latin poetry.2 These laments (planctus) take the form of intimately personal, emotionally charged dramatic monologues. The best known and most influential recreated the words of Christ on the Cross or of the
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