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existence of secular songs in Tibet, some of them possibly folksongs, has been referred to in the works of Western writers since the year 1800. Captain Samuel Turner heard the mother of the then Tashi Lama sing to him very pleasing air, which she played at the same time upon the guittar, her husband also accompanying her on the flageolet (1800:308); the French Lazarist Fathers, RegisEvariste Huc and Joseph Gabet, between 1840 and 1842, heard children singing as they danced at the New Year Festival in Fhasa (1928: II, 75), while Sir Alexander Cunningham heard drinking songs sung at banquets in Ladak (1854:307), a country which had been separated from Tibet shortly before his visit there. None of these authors, however, has given any specimen of what he heard and none allows us any technical description. In his manual of 1879 Major Thomas H. Lewin truly says their folklore, songs and ballads are all unknown (1879). And seventy years later Giuseppi Tucci, introducing his collection of Tibetan folksongs from the district of Gyantse, could still write: The European literature on Tibetan folk song is rather scarce. I know only the few specimens which have been published either in translations or in the original text, and he then lists eight of the relevant sources (1949:7 and n.l). THE PUBLISHED SOURCES
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