Dispositional Empathy and the Hierarchical Structure of Personality

Todd A. Mooradian · Kurt Matzler

127 citations0/0 files storedThe American Journal of Psychology

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Personality Traits and Psychology Emotional Intelligence and Performance Emotions and Moral Behavior

Abstract

Personality psychology has recognized a fundamental 5-factor structure that has integrated and organized theory and research. Nevertheless, personality-like differences beyond that structure have been identified. In heretofore unrelated research, dispositional empathy has been an essential construct in understanding human development, behavior, and interpersonal relationships. Addressing a gap in the literature, we map multidimensional dispositional empathy into 2 versions of the 5-factor space. Empathic concern is closely related to agreeableness, and personal distress is closely related to neuroticism. Perspective taking has complex, interstitial relationships with the 5 factors. In contrast, fantasy is not well explained by the 5 factors. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding dispositional empathy and for understanding the 5-factor structure, its correlates in emotional processes and experiences, and its limits.

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References

1983Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach.1999The Big Five Trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives.2008Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research 1992An Introduction to the Five‐Factor Model and Its Applications 1990An alternative "description of personality": The Big-Five factor structure.1980A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy 2002Personality, Culture, and Subjective Well-Being: Emotional and Cognitive Evaluations of Life 1972A measure of emotional empathy1

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