The Thirty Years War: Europe's tragedy

Abstract

* List of Illustrations * List of Maps and Battle Plans * List of Tables * Note on Form * The Habsburg Family Tree 1500-1665 * Note on Currencies * Preface Part one: Beginnings * Introduction Three Men and a Window Interpretations The Argument * Trouble in the Heart of Christendom The Empire Confessionalization Religion and Imperial Law * Casa d'Austria Lands and Dynasty Estates and Confession The Catholic Revival * The Turkish War and its Consequences The Turkish Menace The Ways of War The Long Turkish War The Brothers' Quarrel * Pax Hispanica The Spanish Monarchy The Dutch Revolt 1568-1609 The Spanish Road Spanish Peace-making 161 * Dominium Maris Baltici Denmark The Divided House of Vasa Poland-Lithuania * From Rudolf to Matthias 1582-1612 Religion and the German Princes Confession and Imperial Politics to 1608 Union and Liga 1608-9 The Ju lich-Cleves Crisis 1609-10 * On the Brink? Emperor Matthias The Uskok War and the Habsburg Succession 1615-17 255 Palatine Brinkmanship Part Two: Conflict * The Bohemian Revolt 1618-20 For Liberty and Privilege A King for a Crown Ferdinand Gathers his Forces White Mountain Accounting for Failure * Ferdinand Triumphant 1621-4 The Palatine Cause Protestant Paladins The Catholic Ascendancy 1621-9 * Olivares and Richelieu Olivares Richelieu The Valtellina * Denmark's War against the Emperor 1625-9 Trouble in Lower Saxony Wallenstein Denmark's Defeat 1626-9 * The Threat of European War 1628-30 The Baltic The Netherlands Mantua and La Rochelle The Edict of Restitution The Regensburg Electoral Congress 1630 * The Lion of the North 1630-2 Swedish Intervention Between the Lion and the Eagle The Swedish Empire Calls for Assistance Zenith * Without Gustavus 1633-4 The Heilbronn League Tension along the Rhine Spain Intervenes Wallenstein: the Final Act The Two Ferdinands * For the Liberty of Germany 1635-6 Richelieu Resolves on War The War in the West 1635-6 The Peace of Prague 1635 Appeals to Patriotism Renewed Efforts for Peace * Habsburg High Tide 1637-40 Stalemate Resolution on the Rhine Peace for North Germany? * In the Balance 1641-3 The Franco-Swedish Alliance 1641 The War in the Empire 1642-3 Spain's Growing Crisis 1635-43 From Breda to Rocroi 1637-43 * Pressure to Negotiate 1644-5 The Westphalian Congress France in Germany 1644 The Baltic Becomes Swedish 1643-5 1645: Annus horribilis et mirabilis * War or Peace 1646-8 A Crisis of Confidence 1646 Towards Consensus Spain's Peace with the Dutch The Final Round 1648 Part Three: Aftermath * The Westphalian Settlement The International Dimension A Christian Peace Demobilization The Imperial Recovery * The Human and Material Cost An All-destructive Fury? The Demographic Impact The Economic Impact The Crisis of the Territorial State Cultural Impact * Experiencing War The Nature of Experience Military-Civil Relations Perceptions Commemoration * Abbreviations * Notes * Index

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