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Development and validation of the Parents’ Beliefs About Children’s Emotions Questionnaire.

Amy G. Halberstadt · Julie C. Dunsmore · Alfred Bryant · Alison E. Parker · Karen S. Beale · Julie Anne Thompson

159 citations0/0 files storedPsychological Assessment

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Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Early Childhood Education and Development Psychometric Methodologies and Testing

Abstract

Parents' beliefs about children's emotions comprise an important aspect of parental emotion socialization and may relate to children's mental health and well-being. Thus, the goal of this study was to develop the multifaceted Parents' Beliefs About Children's Emotions (PBACE) questionnaire. Central to our work was inclusion of multiple ethnic groups throughout the questionnaire development process, from initial item creation through assessment of measurement invariance and validity. Participants included 1,080 African American, European American, and Lumbee American Indian parents of 4- to 10-year-old children who completed the initial item pool for the PBACE. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted with 720 of these parents to identify factor structure and reduce items. Confirmatory factor analysis was then conducted with a holdout sample of 360 parents to evaluate model fit and assess measurement invariance across ethnicity and across parent gender. Finally, validity of the PBACE scales was assessed via correlations with measures of parental emotional expressivity and reactions to children's emotions. The PBACE is composed of 33 items in 7 scales. All scales generally demonstrated measurement invariance across ethnic groups and parent gender, thereby allowing interpretations of differences across these ethnic groups and between mothers and fathers as true differences rather than by-products of measurement variance. Initial evidence of discriminant and construct validity for the scale interpretations was also obtained. Results suggest that the PBACE will be useful for researchers interested in emotion-related socialization processes in diverse ethnic groups and their impact on children's socioemotional outcomes and well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved).

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References

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2015Parent Gender Differences in Emotion Socialization Behaviors Vary by Ethnicity and Child Gender 2020Assessing beliefs about emotions: Development and validation of the Emotion Beliefs Questionnaire 2017The sociocultural context of emotion socialization in African American families 2015Maternal emotion socialization differentially predicts third-grade children’s emotion regulation and lability.

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