Three Worlds of Development

Abstract

Development permits the evolution of economic accumulation of wealth and political civil liberties. The most startling continuity in developmental terms is consistency where economic might and political authority are located. The continual fascination of developing regions with Leninist State Model, and with the concentration of political power in development policies, also remains characteristic. The successes of developmental process have come along with a limited political openness to the population—dependent voluntary associations remain few, freedom of speech curbed, free trade unionism recognized more in rhetoric than reality. In short the costs of development and the requirements of development have been unevenly distributed, and in a world in which the egalitarian model is central, the Asian miracle is a volatile as well as vulnerable miracle. Natural wealth has been plundered and human capital siphoned off of development projects. There are amazing examples of developmental projects that work, such as population relocation for the purpose of installing new energy supplies in China.

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